探明马铃薯专用生物炭基肥在临洮县、甘州区、肃州区最佳施用量，为当地马铃薯合理施肥管理措施提供依据。以马铃薯品种陇薯15号为材料，设置300、600、900、1 200 kg/hm2不同梯度马铃薯专用生物炭基肥、与其等养分量的N、P、K传统化肥及对照不施肥等9个处理，研究比较了不同施肥处理下马铃薯植株性状、产量、养分吸收率的变化，并在试验区进行连续 2 a田间试验验证。结果表明，生物炭基肥施用量为900 kg/hm2时马铃薯产量最高，较等养分量传统施肥(尿素289.8 kg/hm2、普通过磷酸钙450.0 kg/hm2、氯化钾138.6 kg/hm2)提高12.0%；块茎数、块茎重、大中薯数、大中薯重、大中薯率较等养分传统施肥分别增加43.14%、8.27%、13.04%、9.34%、18.40%，养分吸收效率增加6.8个百分点。连续 2 a田间试验验证表明，马铃薯专用生物炭基肥900 kg/hm2处理的产量较等养分量传统全化肥施肥在临洮县、甘州区、肃州区分别显著提高20.6%、16.4%、12.9%；显著提高马铃薯的干物质、蛋白质、粗淀粉、还原糖含量。综上所述，马铃薯专用生物炭基肥适宜施用量为900 kg/hm2，可提产增效，是临洮县、甘州区、肃州区马铃薯种植推荐施肥量。

To investigate the best application amount of biochar-based fertilizer for potatoes in Lintao County, Ganzhou District and Suzhou District, and to provide basis for reasonable fertilization management measures for local potato production in this study, the potato variety Long 15 was used as material, and four biochar-based fertilizers with different gradients for potato were set up, including 300, 600, 900 and 1 200 kg/ha, and nine treatments with the same amount of traditional N, P and K fertilizers and no fertilization. The changes of potato plant traits, yield and nutrient uptake rate under different fertilization treatments were studied and compared, and field experiments were conducted in the experimental area for two consecutive years. Results showed that when the application rate of biochar-based fertilizer was 900 kg/ha, the potato yield was the highest which was 12.0% higher than that under traditional fertilization with equal nutrients(urea 289.8 kg/ha, superphosphate 450.0 kg/ha, potassium chloride 138.6 kg/ha). Compared with traditional fertilization, number of tubers, tuber weight, number of medium and large tubers, weight of medium and large tubers, and the proportion of medium and large tubers increased by 43.14%, 8.27%, 13.04%, 9.34%, and 18.40%, respectively, while nutrient uptake efficiency improved by 6.8 percentage points. 2 consecutive years of field experiment confirmed that at 900 kg/ha, the biochar-based fertilizer treatment significantly increased potato yield by 20.6%, 16.4%, and 12.9% compared with traditional full chemical fertilization in Lintao County, Ganzhou District, and Suzhou District, respectively. It also significantly improved potato dry matter content, protein content, crude starch content, and reducing sugar content. In conclusion, the optimal application rate of potato-specific biochar-based fertilizer is 900 kg/ha, which enhances yield and efficiency. It is recommended as the fertilization rate for potato cultivation in Lintao County, Ganzhou District, and Suzhou District.

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甘肃省科技厅民生计划项目(21CX6NA123)；甘肃省农业科学院院列重点研发项目(2022GAAS46)。