通过研究不同梨品种幼树的生长特性，综合评价生长性状，为不同梨品种圆柱形树形的培养提供技术参考。以杜梨为砧木的47个梨品种为试材，树形采用圆柱形，调查嫁接当年株高、茎粗、分枝数、分枝角度，第2年调查中心干萌芽发枝、刻芽反应及枝条长度等13个指标，并对这些指标进行遗传变异、相关性、主成分和聚类分析。结果表明，不同梨品种13个数量性状指标平均变异系数达38.747%，变异系数为6.25%~110.74%。相关性分析表明，13个指标中，除分枝基角与其他性状指标均无相关性外，其余指标均相互影响；主成分分析将13个数量性状综合为5个主成分，前5个主成分累计贡献率77.547%；聚类分析将47个梨品种划分为5类；嫁接第2年结果的品种有29个，单株结果数为0.7~62.7个；未结果品种有18个。综上所述，不同梨品种圆柱形树形培养应考虑品种间的生长特性，主要根据不同品种嫁接当年的株高、分枝数量、分枝角度以及嫁接第2年中心干的萌芽、抽枝特性、刻芽反应等采取相应的整形修剪措施。

By studying the growth characteristics of young trees of different pear varieties, the growth traits were comprehensively evaluated, aiming to provide technical reference for the cultivation of cylindrical tree shapes in various pear varieties. 47 pear varieties were used as test materials in the experiment, with Pyrus betulaefolia as the rootstock. The tree shape was cylindrical, and the plant height, stem thickness, number of branches, and branching angle were investigated in the same year of grafting. In the second year, 13 indicators including central stem sprouting and branching, bud cutting reaction, and branch length were investigated, and genetic variation, correlation, principal component, and cluster analysis were conducted on these indicators. Results showed that the average coefficient of variation(CV) for 13 quantitative traits across different pear varieties was 38.747%, ranging from 6.25% to 110.74%. Correlation analysis indicated that among the 13 indicators, all were interrelated except for the branch base angle, which showed no correlation with other traits. Principal component analysis consolidated the 13 quantitative traits into five principal components, with a cumulative contribution rate of 77.547% for the first 5 components. Cluster analysis divided 47 pear varieties into 5 categories. There were 29 varieties that bore fruits in the second year of grafting, with individual tree yields ranging from 0.7 to 62.7 fruits, while 18 varieties did not bear fruit. In conclusion, the cylindrical tree shape cultivation of different pear varieties should consider their growth characteristics. Different pruning measures should be taken based on the height, number and angle of branches in the year of grafting, as well as the sprouting, branching characteristics, and sprouting response of the central stem in the second year of grafting.

S661.2

甘肃省科技计划(技术创新引导计划)(22CX8NH218)；中央财政林业科技推广示范项目(〔2019〕ZYTG08)；2024年强科技行动科技创新奖补资金项目(2003ZS5006)；甘肃省科技计划(创新基地和人才计划)(20JR2ZH003)。