单倍体育种(Double haploid breeding，DH)技术是利用孤雌生殖诱导系诱导产生孤雌生殖单倍体，经过自然加倍或者人工加倍获得纯合二倍体的育种技术，利用该技术只需要 2 个世代就可获得一个理论上所有性状均达到 100％ 纯合的纯系。结合国内相关研究进展对玉米单倍体育种技术中的单倍体诱导和加倍流程进行了综述，从基础材料的构建、诱导系筛选与改良、单倍体诱导、单倍体籽粒挑选与性状鉴别、单倍体加倍、DH系扩繁与表型鉴定评价筛选、DH系配合力测定及试配新组合以及应用单倍体育种取得的成效等方面阐述了 玉米单倍体育种技术的探索与实践，并对今后玉米单倍体育种技术的应用前景进行了展望。

Double haploid breeding(DH) technology is a breeding technique that uses a parthenogenesis induction line to induce the production of parthenogenesis haploids, and then obtains homozygous diploids through natural or artificial doubling. Using this technology, it only takes 2 generations to obtain a pure line with 100% homozygosity for all traits in theory. This paper reviews the research progress on maize haploid breeding in China, focusing on haploid induction and chromosome doubling processes. It elaborates on various aspects, including the construction of basic materials, screening and improvement of induction lines, haploid induction, selection and trait identification of haploid kernels, haploid doubling, DH line propagation, phenotypic evaluation and selection, DH line combining ability testing, new hybrid combination trials, and the achievements of DH breeding applications. Furthermore, the future application prospects of maize haploid breeding technology are discussed.

S513；S335.4

甘肃省科技重点研发计划(22YF7NG189)。