[关键词]
[摘要]
以陇亚杂1号为指示品种,采用玻璃壁法与塑料管土柱栽培相结合的方法,对胡麻不同生育时期的植株生长特性进行观察和相关测定。结果表明,胡麻苗期约15 d,从子叶出土到约6~8片真叶,株高6~8 cm,主根长约300 mm。当株高约20 cm、叶片34~38片时,顶端叶片重叠现象十分严重(20~23片/cm),俯视地面投影直径约1.5 cm,下部叶间距平均1.3 cm,且呈现出左右旋比例约1∶2的螺旋式向上生长方式,为胡麻枞形期,约22 d。胡麻分茎期为12 d左右,株高平均为32 cm,子叶略变黄,叶腋处有新芽形成,单株总根长达到最大值。胡麻植株长到48 cm左右时,分茎顶端开始下垂,用手轻捏有明显的花蕾膨大感,为胡麻现蕾期,约11 d。8:00时左右有80%以上花开放、主茎生长基本停止、株高和根系表面积达到最大值,为盛花期,约13 d。当茎表皮变为黄绿色,下部叶片脱落,上部叶片变黄,用手抖动胡麻时蒴果内会发出清脆的响声,此时达到成熟期,约35 d左右。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
In order to accurately define the flax growth period, Longyaza 1 as the indicative cultivar, the experiment was conducted to observe and measure the plant growth characteristics in different growth stages of oil flax by means of the method of glass wall and plastic pipe soil column culture combination. The results show that the seedlings reached about 6~8 true leaves from the cotyledons, the plant height was 6~8 cm, and the main root length was about 300 mm. The seedling stage is about 15 days. When the height was about 20 cm, leaf numbers were 34~38, apical leaves overlapping phenomenon was very serious(20~23 /cm), the ground projection diameter was about 1.5 cm, the average interval of lower leaves was 1.3 cm, and the left and right rotation ratio of upward spiral of growth was about 1∶2, it formed the flax fir shaped stage, lasting about 22 days. The stem period of oil flax was about 12 days and the average plant height was 32 cm, cotyledon turned slightly yellow, new buds emerged in leaf axils, total root length per plant reached the maximum. When the plants grew to about 48 cm tall and the tops of stems began to droop, flower buds could be felt with fingers, it formed the flax squaring period, lasting about 11 days. When more than 80% flowers were in bloom at around 8 o'clock in the morning, the main stem growth stopped, and the plant height and root surface area reached the maximum, it formed the flowering stage, lasting for about 13 days. When the stem epidermis became yellow green, the lower leaves fell off, the upper leaves turned yellow, and a crisp sound could be heard when the capsules being shaken, it reached maturity which lasted for about 35 days. 收稿日期:2017 - 07 - 28 作者简介:张 明(1990 — ),男,甘肃通渭人,助理农艺师,主要从事设施农业技术推广和农产品质量安全建设等工作。E-mail:
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[中图分类号]
S565.9
[基金项目]